This case provided some guidance to national courts and tribunals as to when a matter of EU law may be decided without reference to the Court of Justice of the European Union under [Art 267 TFEU]:
- It is for the national court to decide whether a question of EU law needs answering necessarily in order for it to provide a judgment
- There will be no obligation to refer if
- The question it not relevant to the outcome of the national case
- The question, or a materially similar question, has previously been answered by the Court of Justice of the European Union
- The answer is so obvious as to leave no scope for any reasonable doubt over the answer
